A filling is a common dental treatment used to restore the structure and function of a tooth that has been damaged by decay (cavities), fractures, or minor wear. Fillings help prevent further decay, relieve discomfort, and restore the tooth to its normal shape and function.
How Do Fillings Work?
- Decay Removal: The dentist removes the decayed or damaged portion of the tooth.
- Cleaning the Cavity: The area is cleaned to remove bacteria and debris.
- Filling Placement: The filling material is applied to the cleaned-out cavity.
- Shaping and Polishing: The filling is shaped to match the natural tooth contour and polished for a smooth finish.
Types of Filling Materials
- Amalgam Fillings (Silver)
- Made from a mix of metals like silver, mercury, and copper.
- Benefits: Durable and cost-effective.
- Drawbacks: Noticeable color, less aesthetically pleasing.
- Composite Resin Fillings (Tooth-Colored)
- Made of a mixture of plastic and fine glass particles.
- Benefits: Matches natural tooth color, ideal for front or visible teeth.
- Drawbacks: Less durable than amalgam for large cavities.
- Ceramic Fillings
- Typically made of porcelain.
- Benefits: Tooth-colored, stain-resistant, and durable.
- Drawbacks: More expensive than other options.
- Gold Fillings
- Custom-made in a dental lab and cemented into place.
- Benefits: Long-lasting and highly durable.
- Drawbacks: Expensive and noticeable.
- Glass Ionomer Fillings
- Made of acrylic and a specific type of glass.
- Benefits: Releases fluoride to help protect teeth.
- Drawbacks: Less durable and mainly used for children or areas with low bite pressure.
Benefits of Fillings
- Stops the progression of tooth decay.
- Restores normal function (chewing, biting).
- Reduces sensitivity caused by exposed tooth structures.
- Prevents the need for more invasive treatments like crowns or root canals.
How Long Do Fillings Last?
The lifespan of a filling depends on the material used, the location of the filling, and oral hygiene habits:
- Amalgam: 10–15 years.
- Composite Resin: 5–10 years.
- Gold or Ceramic: 15–20 years or more.
Do You Need a Filling?
Common signs include:
- Tooth pain or sensitivity (especially to hot, cold, or sweet foods).
- Visible holes or dark spots on a tooth.
- A chipped or fractured tooth.
If you suspect a cavity or damage, regular dental check-ups can help detect the problem early.