Periodontology is a branch of dentistry that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the gums, bone, and other supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontal treatments aim to maintain healthy gums and prevent or manage conditions such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and other gum-related issues.

Common Periodontology Treatments

1. Preventive Care
   • Scaling and Root Planing (Deep Cleaning):
     • Removal of plaque and tartar from below the gumline to prevent gum disease.
   • Routine Dental Cleanings:
     • Regular cleaning to maintain healthy gums and prevent periodontal disease.
2. Non-Surgical Treatments
   • Antibiotic Therapy:
     • Localized antibiotics (gels or mouth rinses) to control bacterial infections in the gums.
   • Laser Therapy:
     • Minimally invasive treatment to remove diseased gum tissue and reduce bacteria.
3. Surgical Treatments
   • Flap Surgery (Pocket Reduction Surgery):
     • Lifting the gums to clean deeper areas of the tooth roots and bone, followed by suturing the gums back in place.
   • Gum Grafting:
     • Used to treat gum recession by transplanting tissue (often from the roof of the mouth) to cover exposed roots.
   • Bone Grafting:
     • Regenerates lost bone due to advanced gum disease, preparing for dental implants or improving gum health.
   • Crown Lengthening:
     • Reshaping the gumline to expose more of the tooth, often for restorative or cosmetic purposes.
4. Regenerative Procedures
   • Guided Tissue Regeneration:
     • Encourages bone and tissue regrowth in areas affected by periodontal disease.
   • Application of Growth Factors:
     • Stimulates the body’s natural healing process to restore gum and bone health.
5. Cosmetic Periodontal Procedures
   • Gingival Contouring:
     • Reshapes the gumline for a more aesthetic appearance (e.g., correcting a “gummy smile”).
   • Soft Tissue Augmentation:
     • Adds volume to thin or receding gums for a more balanced smile.
6. Implant-Related Periodontal Care
   • Peri-Implantitis Treatment:
     • Manages infection and inflammation around dental implants.
   • Pre-Implant Bone and Gum Preparation:
     • Ensures sufficient bone and gum tissue for successful dental implant placement.

Signs You May Need Periodontal Treatment

1. Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing.
2. Swollen, red, or tender gums.
3. Gum recession (teeth appear longer).
4. Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth.
5. Loose teeth or teeth shifting position.
6. Pain while chewing or sensitivity near the gumline.
7. Pus or abscesses around the gums.

Stages of Gum Disease

1. Gingivitis:
   • Early stage of gum disease with symptoms like redness, swelling, and bleeding.
   • Reversible with proper cleaning and oral hygiene.
2. Periodontitis:
   • Advanced stage where gums pull away from teeth, forming deep pockets that trap bacteria.
   • Can cause bone loss and tooth mobility if untreated.
3. Advanced Periodontitis:
   • Severe bone loss and damage to supporting structures, often leading to tooth loss.

Benefits of Periodontal Treatments

1. Improves Oral Health: Stops gum disease progression and restores gum and bone health.
2. Prevents Tooth Loss: Maintains the integrity of teeth and supporting structures.
3. Enhances Aesthetics: Treats gum recession and reshapes the gumline for a more attractive smile.
4. Supports Overall Health: Reduces the risk of systemic issues like heart disease, diabetes, and stroke linked to gum infections.
5. Prepares for Dental Implants: Ensures healthy gums and bone for successful implant placement.

Maintenance After Periodontal Treatment

Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking, managing stress, and maintaining a balanced diet to promote gum health.

Good Oral Hygiene: Brushing twice daily, flossing, and using antibacterial mouthwash.

Regular Dental Visits: Periodontal maintenance every 3–6 months to monitor gum health.

Periodontology plays a critical role in both oral and systemic health, making it an essential aspect of comprehensive dental care.